| WHO FCTC

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The protocol to eliminate illicit trade in tobacco products

World Health Organization 2018

Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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Progress in combating cigarette smuggling: Controlling the supply chain

Joossens, L., Raw, M. 2008

Determinants of illicit trade, Policies to curb illicit trade, Illicit trade

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Anti-contraband policy measures: Evidence for better practice

Sweeting, J., Johnson, T., Schwartz, R. 2009

Policies to curb illicit trade, Illicit trade

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Tax avoidance and tax evasion. In IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention Vol 14: Effectiveness of Tax and Price Policies for Tobacco Control. pp. 319 - 322

International Agency for Research on Cancer 2011

Policies to curb illicit trade, Illicit trade

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Tobacco tax avoidance and tax evasion. In NCI Tobacco Control Monograph Series 21: The Economics of Tobacco and Tobacco Control. pp 531-535

National Cancer Institute 2017

Policies to curb illicit trade, Illicit trade

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Smuggling, import objectives, and optimum tax structure

Ray, A. 1978

Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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A theoretical analysis of smuggling

Bhagwati, J., Hansen, B. 1973

Determinants of illicit trade, Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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Cigarette taxes, black markets, and crime lessons from New York’s 50-Year losing battle. The Cato Institute Policy Analysis Report No. 468

Fleenor, P. 2003

Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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Cigars, youth, and the internet link

Malone, R.E., Bero, L.A. 2000

Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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Cadmium, lead, and thallium in smoke particulate from counterfeit cigarettes compared to authentic US brands

Pappas, R.S., Polzin, G.M., Watson, C.H. et al. 2007

Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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