WHO FCTC

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Tobacco tax avoidance and tax evasion. In NCI Tobacco Control Monograph Series 21: The Economics of Tobacco and Tobacco Control. pp 531-535

National Cancer Institute 2017

Policies to curb illicit trade, Illicit trade

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Smuggling, import objectives, and optimum tax structure

Ray, A. 1978

Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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A theoretical analysis of smuggling

Bhagwati, J., Hansen, B. 1973

Determinants of illicit trade, Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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Cigarette taxes, black markets, and crime lessons from New York’s 50-Year losing battle. The Cato Institute Policy Analysis Report No. 468

Fleenor, P. 2003

Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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Cigars, youth, and the internet link

Malone, R.E., Bero, L.A. 2000

Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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Cadmium, lead, and thallium in smoke particulate from counterfeit cigarettes compared to authentic US brands

Pappas, R.S., Polzin, G.M., Watson, C.H. et al. 2007

Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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Source and health implications of high toxic metal concentrations in illicit tobacco products

Stephens, W.E., Calder, A., Newton, J. 2004

Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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How eliminating the global illicit cigarette trade would increase tax revenue and save lives

Joossens, L., Merriman, D., Ross, H. et al. 2009

Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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Price sensitivity and smoking smuggled cigarettes

Lee, J.M., Chen, H.F. et al. 2008

Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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“They’re doing people a service”- qualitative study of smoking, smuggling, and social deprivation

Wiltshire, S., Bancroft, A., Amos, A. et al. 2001

Determinants of illicit trade, Impact on public health, Illicit trade

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