This study assessed household assets and livelihood strategies among tobacco-growing households in comparison to non-tobacco-growing households in the south Nyanza region, Kenya. It was meant to provide basic information that could be used to advice on local enforcement of Article 17 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) through crop and livelihood diversification as an alternative strategy to tobacco farming. A multi-stage and stratified random sampling procedure was used to select and survey 440 households (i.e. 210 tobacco and 230 non-tobacco) from the study area.