Periodontal disease among indigenous people in the Amazon rain forest

Journal Article

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Journal of clinical periodontology

J.Clin.Periodontol.

Nov

995

1003

LR: 20061115; JID: 0425123; ppublish

Denmark

0303-6979; 0303-6979

PMID: 11686819

eng

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM

281102 [pii]

Unknown(0)

11686819

BACKGROUND: People are not all equally susceptible to periodontitis. To understand the epidemiology and natural history of this disease, it is important to study populations with varying genetic backgrounds and environmental exposures. AIM: Characterize the periodontal condition of a sample of indigenous adults in a remote region of the Amazon rain forest and determine the association of periodontal disease with various demographic, behavioral and environmental factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional evaluation of 244 subjects aged 20-70 years was conducted. Pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque and calculus were assessed for the Ramfjord index teeth. RESULTS: These people had high levels of plaque, calculus and BOP. The mean PD was rather shallow (2.45 mm in 20-29 year-olds to 2.73 mm in 50+ year-olds) and did not increase significantly with age. Mean CAL (0.57 mm in 20-29 year-olds and 2.26 mm in 50+ year-olds) and mean location of the free gingival margin in relation to the cemento-enamel junction changed significantly with age (p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that increasing age, bleeding on probing and calculus scores were positively associated with mean CAL (p<0.01). Sex, ethnicity, level of modern acculturation, use of coca or tobacco paste, frequency of dental visits and plaque were not associated with mean CAL. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal disease in these people was mainly associated with gingival recession rather than deep pockets. Most people had clinical attachment loss but despite poor oral hygiene and extensive gingival inflammation, they did not have very severe periodontal destruction.

Acculturation, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Colombia/epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Calculus/epidemiology, Dental Care/statistics & numerical data, Dental Plaque/epidemiology, Disease Susceptibility, Environmental Exposure, Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data, Female, Gingival Hemorrhage/epidemiology, Gingival Recession/epidemiology, Gingivitis/epidemiology, Humans, Indians, South American/statistics & numerical data, Linear Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Oral Hygiene, Periodontal Attachment Loss/epidemiology, Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology/genetics, Periodontal Pocket/epidemiology, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Smoking/epidemiology, Tobacco

Ronderos,M., Pihlstrom,B. L., Hodges,J. S.

Oral Health Clinical Research Center, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. mrondero@uop.edu

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2001