Journal Article

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International journal of dental hygiene

Int.J.Dent.Hyg.

Aug

6

3

199

204

LR: 20100429; GR: Medical Research Council/United Kingdom; JID: 101168070; ppublish

England

1601-5037; 1601-5029

PMID: 18768024

eng

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; D; IM

10.1111/j.1601-5037.2008.00311.x [doi]

Unknown(0)

18768024

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between tobacco smoking, oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal health in young adults. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional (conducted in the course of a cohort study). SETTING: Cardiff, UK, 1989 and 2000. METHODS: Plaque was recorded, as was presence or absence of bleeding on probing and loss of attachment (LA). Information concerning tobacco smoking was obtained from questionnaire data. RESULTS: At age 19-20 years, smokers had statistically significantly (P < 0.01) higher whole mouth mean plaque scores than non-smokers. Whole mouth mean bleeding scores, however, were similar in smokers and non-smokers. The relationship of plaque to smoking was very similar at age 30-31, yet bleeding scores were approximately 25% lower in smokers than in non-smokers (P < 0.01). Whole mouth LA scores showed small, statistically non-significant differences between smokers and non-smokers. At the age of 30-31 years, gender and social class had a negligible confounding effect on oral hygiene, gingival and periodontal health in smokers and non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Smokers consistently demonstrated poorer oral hygiene than non-smokers. The effect of smoking in reducing gingival bleeding was already apparent at age 19-20 years despite the fact that, at this time, subjects might be assumed to have been exposed to a relatively small dose of tobacco over a short period of time. In the follow-up study conducted at the age of 30-31 years, the impact of smoking on the periodontal tissues was, as expected, more pronounced.

Adult, Age Factors, Cohort Studies, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Cross-Sectional Studies, Dental Plaque/epidemiology, Dental Plaque Index, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gingival Diseases/epidemiology, Gingival Hemorrhage/epidemiology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Oral Hygiene/statistics & numerical data, Periodontal Attachment Loss/epidemiology, Periodontal Diseases/epidemiology, Periodontal Index, Smoking/epidemiology, Social Class, Wales/epidemiology, Young Adult

Hunter,L., Newcombe,R., Richmond,S., Owens,J., Addy,M.

Clinical Research and Public Health, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK. hunterml@cf.ac.uk

http://vp9py7xf3h.search.serialssolutions.com/?charset=utf-8&pmid=18768024

2008