Journal Article

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BMJ open

BMJ Open

14-Feb

4

2

e004378

2013-004378

LR: 20160603; JID: 101552874; OID: NLM: PMC3927928; OTO: NOTNLM; GN: NLM: Original DateCompleted: 20140217; epublish

England

2044-6055; 2044-6055

PMID: 24531452

eng

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Validation Studies; IM

10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004378 [doi]

Unknown(0)

24531452

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to measure the correlates, including normative beliefs, associated with waterpipe (WP) and cigarette smoking prevalence and dependence. SETTING: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a proportionate cluster sample of Lebanese students in 17 public and private universities. PARTICIPANTS: Of the 4900 distributed questionnaires, 3384 (69.1%) were returned to the field worker. All available students during break times were approached, with no exclusion criteria. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: sociodemographic variables, detailed active and passive smoking, in addition to items of the tobacco dependence scales were all evaluated. RESULTS: Correlates to WP smoking were studying in a private university (adjusted OR, aOR=1.50 (1.26 to 1.79); p1; p0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, WP smoking and dependence are influenced by parents' and friends' opinions, and idols' smoking status. Future research is necessary to further improve our understanding of motives for WP smoking and dependence.

Salameh,P., Salame,J., Waked,M., Barbour,B., Zeidan,N., Baldi,I.

Clinical & Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.

20140214

PMC3927928

http://vp9py7xf3h.search.serialssolutions.com/?charset=utf-8&pmid=24531452

2014