Journal Article

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Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

Nicotine Tob.Res.

Jul

13

7

556

564

LR: 20151119; JID: 9815751; 2011/03/31 [aheadofprint]; ppublish

England

1469-994X; 1462-2203

PMID: 21454911

eng

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; IM

10.1093/ntr/ntr040 [doi]

Unknown(0)

21454911

INTRODUCTION: Although nicotine addiction is thought to be the primary driver of tobacco smoking, few studies have examined nicotine dependence among Chinese mainland smokers. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was designed. Subjects (4735) aged 15 years and older residents were drawn from six cities in China through a multistage systematic sampling procedure. Nicotine dependence of respondents was assessed in a face-to-face interview using the 6-item Mandarin Chinese version of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). A multilevel regression model, accounting for cluster sampling, was used to identify correlates of dependence. RESULTS: Among females, only 4.2% (n = 115) were smokers (2.5% daily, 1.7% occasional). Subsequent analysis focused on males, of whom 50.8% (n = 1477) were smokers (38.9% daily, 11.9% occasional). The average FTND score was 2.89 (95% CI: 2.77-3.01) among all current smokers. Daily smokers had a significantly higher FTND score (3.49, 95% CI: 3.35-3.63) than occasional smokers (1.12, 95% CI: 0.98-1.26) (p /= 4. Among daily smokers, FTND scores were negatively associated with age at smoking initiation, education, and self-efficacy for quitting smoking. FTND was associated (negatively) with income among occasional smokers only. There were regional differences in FTND scores among daily smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among Chinese males but rare among Chinese females. Occasional smoking is also common among males. Only 3.3% of occasional male smokers appear dependent by FTND criteria. Dependence varies by smoking history and demographics. These findings have implications for design and implementation of smoking cessation interventions.

Yang,T., Shiffman,S., Rockett,I.R., Cui,X., Cao,R.

Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. ytingzhongyang@yahoo.com

20110331

http://vp9py7xf3h.search.serialssolutions.com/?charset=utf-8&pmid=21454911

2011